Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Ophthalmologic condition — Cavalier King Charles Spaniel — Small breed
Moderate Risk
What is Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)?
Progressive retinal atrophy is a group of inherited degenerative diseases of the retina that lead to gradual loss of vision and eventual blindness. It is painless. The retinal photoreceptors degenerate progressively over months to years. DNA tests are available for many breed-specific forms, allowing breeders to screen carriers.
Symptoms of Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
- Difficulty seeing in low light or at night (earliest sign)
- Increased reflectivity of the eyes in dim light
- Dilated pupils that respond slowly to light
- Bumping into objects in unfamiliar environments
- Reluctance to enter dark rooms
- Progressive loss of daytime vision
- Eventual complete blindness
How Is Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) Diagnosed?
Ophthalmoscopic examination reveals changes in the retina (tapetal hyperreflectivity, vessel attenuation). Electroretinography (ERG) can detect functional changes before they are visible. Genetic testing identifies carriers of specific mutations in many breeds.
Treatment & Cost
There is no treatment that halts or reverses PRA. Management focuses on helping affected dogs adapt to vision loss — keeping furniture arrangements consistent, using scent cues, and avoiding off-leash activity in unfamiliar areas. Most blind dogs adapt well and maintain good quality of life.
Most pet insurance plans cover progressive retinal atrophy (pra) treatment in full when the policy is active before diagnosis. Compare plans below.